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The new 5th edition retains the statute-based focus of the original text, guiding students through the rules, doctrines, and theories that apply to major litigation under the three generations of primary civil rights statutes. It also continues an emphasis on legal realism and how the statutes respond to real-life problems. In addition to widespread updating, this edition presents a new focus on 4th Amendment litigation post-Scott and several new approaches – both substantive and procedural – to official immunity defenses, as well as a significant new exploration of the Supreme Court's attempt in the Ricci case to adjust the relation between disparate impact and disparate treatment analyses, highlighting its substantial impact on affirmative action concepts.